原创艺术品，限量版和版画:
大地艺术，也称为大地艺术，是通过雕刻或建造自然材料结构直接在景观中创造的。 1960 年代后期，环保运动的开始和美国艺术的广泛商品化对在不同程度上疏远艺术市场的思想和作品产生了影响。该运动是概念主义和极简主义的发展。
艺术运动的主要关注点是它反对艺术商业化以及它对新兴的生态运动的热情。反城市情绪的盛行及其对乡村生活的抵消热情与艺术运动同时发生。将地球作为人类家园的精神愿望是这些冲动之一。
一种基于过程的艺术创作方法，艺术家将游览周围环境以收集物体或进行特定地点的干预，从最初开始的雕塑趋势迅速演变为结合泥土、岩石等自然材料, 和植物。虽然一些艺术家对景观进行了临时的、有限的干预，但其他艺术家则使用机械土方设备来创造他们的土方工程。为了在画廊中展示，艺术家们经常使用照片、电影和地图来记录他们的土方工程。此外，通过将环境中的有机元素结合到雕塑和装置中，大地艺术家在画廊中创作了大地艺术。
大地艺术史
大地艺术是对整个 1960 和 70 年代美国艺术“无情商业化”的抗议。然而，照片文档经常在传统的画廊空间中展示。在此期间，大地艺术的支持者拒绝将博物馆或画廊作为艺术活动的场所，而是创造了传统可移动雕塑和商业艺术市场范围之外的纪念性景观项目。极简主义和观念艺术，以及风格派、立体主义、极简主义等当代潮流，以及康斯坦丁·布朗库西和约瑟夫·博伊斯的作品，都为大地艺术提供了灵感。
根据艺术评论家格蕾丝·格鲁克 (Grace Glueck) 在《纽约时报》上发表的文章，道格拉斯·莱希特 (Douglas Leichter) 和理查德·萨巴 (Richard Saba) 于 1967 年在 Skowhegan 绘画与雕塑学院创作了第一幅大地艺术。大地艺术在 1968 年的突然兴起可以归功于一代艺术家，他们中的大多数人都在 20 多岁，他们对当年日益高涨的政治激进主义以及迅速发展的环境和妇女解放运动做出了回应。
1968 年在纽约 Dwan 画廊举办的名为“Earthworks”的群展是大地艺术作为公开识别一群先驱艺术家的手段的一个例子。 “Earthworks”展示了 Sol LeWitt、Robert Morris、Claes Oldenburg、Dennis Oppenheim 和 Stephen Kaltenbach 等艺术家的特定场地项目的文档，因为展览中的一些艺术家在为他们的特定场地工作找到合适的土地时遇到了困难。通过地图、照片、透明胶片和绘图，展览记录了他们的作品是如何概念化的。具有讽刺意味的是，尽管这些艺术家努力拒绝传统机构，但他们经常不得不接受这些机构的资助才能发展他们的项目。
罗伯特·史密森 (Robert Smithson) 可能是这一流派中最著名的艺术家。作为对现代主义脱离社会问题的回应，他 1968 年的论文“思想的沉淀：地球计划”为这场运动提供了一个关键框架。史密森 (Smithson) 创作的螺旋防波堤 (Spiral Jetty，1970 年) 是一个长长的（1500 英尺）螺旋形防波堤，伸入美国犹他州北部的大盐湖，是他最著名、也可能是最著名的大地艺术作品。多少工作（如果有的话）是可见的取决于不断变化的水位。
1969 年 2 月，康奈尔大学的赫伯特·约翰逊艺术博物馆 (Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art) 是第一个举办地球艺术展览的美国博物馆，简称为“地球艺术”(Earth Art)。这些艺术作品在博物馆以及整个康奈尔大学伊萨卡校区展出，为后来继续挑战艺术作为商品地位的作品提供了一个场所，尤其是那些模糊了物体背景与其周围环境之间界限的装置。
经济衰退对 20 世纪 70 年代中期的地球艺术融资产生了重大影响。许多艺术家依靠赞助商支付昂贵的土地，以便完成大型作品。罗伯特·史密森 (Robert Smithson) 于 1973 年在一次飞机失事中丧生，该运动失去了其中一位最重要的人物，并以这种方式结束。德玛利亚、海泽、莫里斯和安德烈等那些以地球艺术而闻名的人改变了他们工作的重点，以适应机构和画廊的环境。尽管在概念上与大地艺术先驱的前卫作品无关，但“大地艺术”一词已进入公共艺术的主流，有时也被误用于描述自然界中的任何形式的艺术。
大地艺术主要艺术家
罗伯特·史密森 (1938-1973)
罗伯特史密森的开创性工作必须包括在任何大地艺术分析中。为了创作三维雕塑作品，他开始组合各种材料。这导致了一系列“非场地”的作品，其中用从探险中带回的泥土和岩石制成的雕塑被放置在画廊内。这些雕塑通常包括地图、垃圾箱、镜子、玻璃和霓虹灯。史密森的土方工程 Spiral Jetty (1970)、Broken Circle/Spiral Hill (1971) 和 Amarillo Ramp (1973) 是他最著名的作品（1973 年）。通过将艺术从画廊环境中完全移除并将其融入自然地形，他永远改变了当代艺术中雕塑形式的先入之见。
安迪·戈兹沃西（生于 1956 年）
Andy Goldsworthy 是一位著名的大地艺术雕塑家和摄影师，他在大自然中工作并与大自然融为一体。他的产出可分为永久项目和临时项目。后者旨在在生命周期结束时消失，并由有机和瞬态组件构成。他用树枝、树叶、岩石和冰创造了许多重复的设计，包括螺旋形、圆形和蛇形线。这些举措的核心是短暂性，反映了脆弱的生态和不断变化的自然环境。
南希·霍尔特 (1938-2014)
尽管被她著名的丈夫罗伯特·史密森 (Robert Smithson) 黯然失色，霍尔特还是创作了一系列与他的丈夫截然不同的作品，并带有更多未来主义色彩。使用不留痕迹策略时，霍尔特的一些最佳作品几乎不存在。霍尔特比其他大地艺术家更早、更清楚地认识到艺术与生态行动主义之间的联系。
林玛雅（生于1959年）
最著名的景点之一是华盛顿特区的玛雅林设计的越南退伍军人纪念碑。她的标志是使用一堵简单的低矮墙来跟随周围地形的轮廓。她对公共艺术的极简主义方法需要添加一些看似后来添加但仍然适合的东西。
她的户外装置以微小的、难以察觉的大地隆起为特色，如果不是从很高的高度或很远的距离看，可能会被忽视。她最近的注意力集中在室内雕塑上，这些雕塑在智力和视觉上唤起了遥远地理区域起伏的地形，并保留了隐含的环境问题。
安娜·门迭塔 (1948-1985)
古巴女权主义艺术家安娜·门迭塔 (Ana Mendieta) 在大地艺术的发展中具有影响力，尤其是在人体如何与自然互动和回归自然方面。 Mendieta 以她的身体和大地为媒介制作了 200 多件作品，创作出挑衅性的雕塑。她的作品是多层次的、深刻的哲学，并与各种艺术传统相关，包括概念主义、大地艺术、表演和人体艺术。 Mendieta 通过她的照片和视频系列 Silueta (1973–1980) 确立了自己作为大地艺术先驱的地位。为了展示地球与人性之间牢不可破的联系，这位艺术家将她的身体雕刻成她项目中的几幅风景画。
沃尔特·德·玛利亚 (1935-2013)
在他的雕塑、装置和土地作品中，沃尔特·德·玛丽亚使用几何形式来产生一系列的重复，探索相对与绝对之间的联系。 Lighting Field (1977) 是他最著名的大地艺术作品，是一个一英里乘一公里的正方形网格，被放置在新墨西哥沙漠的偏远地区。四百根由抛光不锈钢制成的杆子，高度超过 20 英尺，尖头定义了一个水平面——雷击的引力点——构成了网格。参观者可以亲身进入网格，也可以从远处观察，在一系列随时间和空间变化的强大视错觉中，艺术、景观和自然相互碰撞。
迈克尔·海泽（生于 1944 年）
迈克尔·海泽 (Michael Heizer) 一直是大地艺术运动中的重要人物。他以构建大型作品和探索正负空间相互作用的能力而闻名。以一系列他称之为“负画”的弯曲画布开始了他的艺术生涯。 1960年代后期，他创作了他的第一个负地块，即“北、东、南、西”。这个项目是他第一次尝试大规模的土方工程，它是由在内华达山脉沙漠中挖出的一组几何形状的洞组成的。
理查德·朗（生于 1945 年）
在 1960 年代后期，这位艺术家以漫步为媒介，开始了与自然的直接互动，其动机是希望以新的方式利用景观。 Long 试图通过一系列重复的手势或长时间的单人行走来颠覆艺术的语言和愿望，并将其带到更基本、更亲密和更基本的水平。他的目标是通过自己来证明人与环境之间进行纯粹对话的可能性。时间、空间和距离是这个开创性概念大地艺术项目的主题，它们被扩展到一个巨大的尺度。
丹尼斯·奥本海姆 (1938-2011)
与迈克尔海泽、南希霍尔特、沃尔特德玛丽亚、罗伯特史密森和奥本海姆一起，第一代土地艺术家包括奥本海姆。在 1960 年代，他们以地球本身为媒介，创造了这种全新的艺术流派。与他同时代的许多人相比，奥本海姆早期对自然世界的干预采取了移除的形式，回到了传统的雕刻原则，用艺术家自己的话说，“移除而不是添加”。地缘政治边界、时区和自然退化只是社会和自然系统的几个例子，年轮（1968 年）是一项特定地点的作品，其中引用并强调了这些系统。复制地图可以展示地图绘制如何在各州之间创造不自然且经常发生暴力的边界，而河流（一条自然边界）是这些国际边界的工具。
奥本海姆通过将自然元素与国家和时区等人为观念并置，质疑“我们赖以生存的秩序系统的相对价值”。与此同时，罗伯特·史密森 (Robert Smithson) 和沃尔特·德·玛丽亚 (Walter de Maria) 等地球艺术家也在制作特定地点的土方工程，其中自然环境与人工干预相冲突。
大地艺术家语录
罗伯特史密森
“矿物的名称和矿物本身并没有什么不同，因为在材料和印刷品的底部都是大量裂缝的开始。文字和岩石包含一种遵循分裂语法的语言破裂。观察任何一个词足够长的时间，你会看到它打开成一系列的断层，进入一个由粒子组成的地形，每个粒子都包含自己的空隙。”
安迪戈兹沃西
“我不是表演者，但偶尔我会故意在公共场合工作。有些雕塑需要周围人的移动才能发挥作用。”
“即使在冬天，一片孤立的雪也有一种特殊的品质。”
南希霍尔特
“你是浩瀚宇宙中的一粒微尘。”
林玛雅
“艺术非常棘手，因为它是你为自己所做的。对我来说，制作这些作品比制作纪念碑或建筑要难得多。 ”
安娜门迭塔
“我的艺术基于一种普遍能量的信念，它贯穿一切：从昆虫到人，从人到幽灵，从幽灵到植物，从植物到星系。我的作品是这种宇宙流体的灌溉脉络。通过他们提升了祖先的汁液，原始的信念，原始的积累，使世界充满活力的无意识思想。”
沃尔特德玛丽亚
“我喜欢自然灾害，我认为它们可能是可以体验的最高艺术形式。”
“每一件好作品都应该至少有十种含义。”
迈克尔·海泽
“强烈的艺术作品真的让人无语。他们感到有点生气，因为他们不明白。”
理查德朗
“一座雕塑，一张地图，一张照片；我工作的所有形式都是平等和互补的。了解我的行为，无论以何种形式，都是艺术。我的艺术是我经验的精髓，而不是它的表现。”
丹尼斯·奥本海姆
“我的大部分工作都来自于想法。我通常只能对每个想法做几个版本。大地艺术和人体艺术是特别强大的概念，可以进行很多排列。但尽管如此，我发现自己想要继续从事其他事情。”
哪里可以买到希腊艺术家的艺术品？
Artmajeur 展示了精选的最佳 当代希腊艺术家：希腊画家, 希腊雕塑家, 希腊摄影师，您可以在画廊中找到新兴和已确认的艺术家。
虽然 希腊 的画家、雕塑家和摄影师是最受欢迎的技术，但我们也有出售其他技术的优秀当代作品，如拼贴画、数字艺术或纺织艺术。 Artmajeur 画廊在 希腊 非常受欢迎，因为许多当代艺术家用它来出售他们的艺术品：希望购买 希腊艺术家 艺术品的收藏家可以找到各种各样的技术、颜色、风格和价格。
Discover contemporary artworks on Artmajeur
Contemporary art is a vibrant constellation of artistic expressions. This creative universe encompasses a wide array of mediums, from paintings, sculpture, and photography to drawing, printmaking, textile art, and digital art, each medium a star shining with its own distinct radiance. Artists use diverse supports and materials to bring their visions to life, such as canvas, wood, metal, and even innovative digital canvases for the creation of virtual masterpieces.
A contemporary painting, for instance, may weave its story through the masterful strokes of acrylic or oil, while a contemporary sculpture might sing its song in the language of stone, bronze, or found objects. The photographic arts capture and manipulate light to produce striking images, while printmaking employs techniques like lithography and screen-printing to produce multiples of a single, impactful image. Textile art plays with fabrics and fibers, whereas digital art pushes the boundaries of creation with innovative technology.
The allure of contemporary art lies in its boundary-pushing nature, its relentless quest for experimentation and its constant reflection of the evolving human experience. This boundless creativity, coupled with its strong social and personal commentary, makes every piece of contemporary art a unique emblem of its time, a mirror held up to the realities and dreams of our complex world. It whispers to us, moves us, provokes thought, and kindles a deep emotional response, stirring the soul of anyone willing to listen. It is, indeed, the language of emotions and ideas, spoken in the dialect of our era.
Origins and history of contemporary art
The story of contemporary art unfolds in the mid-20th century, marked by seismic shifts in artistic expression. Post-World War II, around the 1950s and 1960s, artists began experimenting beyond traditional confines, challenging the norms of what art could be. This revolutionary epoch birthed myriad new movements and artistic forms such as abstract expressionism, pop art, and minimalism. Paintings, once confined by realism, embraced abstraction, as artists used color and form to express emotions and ideas. Notable periods like the advent of pop art in the late 1950s and early 1960s saw artworks mimicking popular culture and mass media, reflecting society’s shifting focus.
The sculptural arts, too, witnessed a metamorphosis. Sculptors started to experiment with new materials and forms, often creating artworks that interacted with the viewer and the surrounding space, fostering a sense of engagement. Drawing, a timeless practice, also evolved, with artists incorporating innovative techniques and concepts to redefine its role in contemporary art.
Photography, a relatively new medium, emerged as a powerful tool in the contemporary art landscape. Born in the 19th century, it truly came into its own in the latter half of the 20th century, blurring the lines between fine art and documentation. Printmaking, a practice dating back to ancient times, saw renewed interest and experimentation with techniques like lithography, etching, and screen printing gaining prominence.
The realm of textile art expanded dramatically, as artists began to appreciate the versatility and tactile quality of fabric and fibers. Artists began using textiles to challenge the boundaries between fine art, craft, and design.
The dawn of digital technology in the late 20th century heralded a new age for contemporary art. Digital art emerged as artists started leveraging new technologies to create immersive, interactive experiences, often blurring the line between the virtual and the physical world.
Through these transformative periods, the essence of contemporary art has remained the same: a dynamic, evolving reflection of the times we live in, continually pushing boundaries and embracing the new, always questioning, always exploring.
Evolutions of theses contemporary works in the art market
As we navigate through the 21st century, the dynamic landscape of contemporary art continues to evolve and expand, reflecting our ever-changing world. Contemporary paintings, once primarily confined to two-dimensional canvases, now embrace a multitude of forms and techniques, ranging from mixed media installations to digital creations, each piece a rich a weaving of thoughts, emotions, and narratives. Sculpture, too, has ventured far beyond traditional stone and bronze, with artists incorporating light, sound, and even motion, embodying the ephemerality and flux of the modern world.
Photography, in the hands of contemporary artists, has expanded its horizons, seamlessly blending with digital technology to create breathtaking imagery that challenges our perception of reality. Drawing, as well, has transcended the borders of paper, incorporating multimedia elements and exploratory techniques to redefine its role in the artistic discourse. Printmaking continues to flourish, with contemporary artists using traditional methods in innovative ways to deliver potent social and personal commentaries.
Textile art, once considered a craft, now holds a prominent place in the contemporary art world, with artists using it to explore issues of identity, tradition, and cultural heritage. Meanwhile, digital art, the newest member of the contemporary art family, has revolutionized the way we create and interact with art, presenting immersive experiences that blur the boundary between the virtual and the physical.
These diverse forms of contemporary art hold significant value in the current art market, not only due to their aesthetic appeal but also their ability to encapsulate and communicate complex ideas and emotions. Collectors, curators, and art lovers worldwide seek these works, drawn to their inherent dynamism, their innovative use of materials, and their eloquent expressions of our shared human experience. As a testimonial to our times, these contemporary artworks encapsulate the pulse of our society and the resonance of individual voices, forever etching our collective narrative into the annals of art history.
Famous Contemporary Artists
As we delve into the vibrant realm of contemporary art, we encounter an array of artists who shape this dynamic field. Each a master in their medium - painting, sculpture, photography, drawing, printmaking, textile, or digital art - they push artistic boundaries, reflecting our era and challenging perceptions. Let’s explore these remarkable contributors and their groundbreaking works.
1. Gerhard Richter - Known for his multi-faceted approach to painting, Richter challenges the boundaries of the medium, masterfully oscillating between abstract and photorealistic styles. His works, whether featuring squeegee-pulled pigments or blurred photographic images, engage in a fascinating dialogue with perception.
2. Jeff Koons - A significant figure in contemporary sculpture, Koons crafts monumental pieces that explore themes of consumerism, taste, and popular culture. His iconic balloon animals, constructed in mirror-polished stainless steel, captivate with their playful yet profound commentary.
3. Cindy Sherman - An acclaimed photographer, Sherman uses her lens to explore identity and societal roles, particularly of women. Renowned for her conceptual self-portraits, she assumes myriad characters, pushing the boundaries of photography as a medium of artistic expression.
4. David Hockney - Hockney, with his prolific output spanning six decades, is a pivotal figure in contemporary drawing. His bold use of color and playful exploration of perspective convey an intoxicating sense of joy and an unabashed celebration of life.
5. Kiki Smith - An innovative printmaker, Smith’s work explores the human condition, particularly the female body and its social and cultural connotations. Her etchings and lithographs speak to universal experiences of life, death, and transformation.
6. El Anatsui - A master of textile art, Anatsui creates stunning tapestry-like installations from discarded bottle caps and aluminum scraps. These shimmering, flexible sculptures blend traditional African aesthetic with contemporary art sensibilities, speaking to themes of consumption, waste, and the interconnectedness of our world.
7. Rafael Lozano-Hemmer - A leading figure in digital art, Lozano-Hemmer utilizes technology to create interactive installations that blend architecture and performance art. His work, often participatory in nature, explores themes of surveillance, privacy, and the relationship between people and their environments.
Notable contemporary artworks
The contemporary art landscape is a dynamic patchwork of diverse expressions and groundbreaking ideas, each artwork a unique dialog with its audience. Here are a selection of some renowned contemporary artworks, spanning various media such as painting, sculpture, photography, drawing, printmaking, textile art, and digital art, that have profoundly influenced this vibrant movement.
"Cloud Gate" by Anish Kapoor, 2006 - This monumental stainless steel sculpture, also known as "The Bean," mirrors and distorts the Chicago skyline and onlookers in its seamless, liquid-like surface, creating an interactive experience that blurs the line between the artwork and the viewer.
"Marilyn Diptych" by Andy Warhol, 1962 - An iconic piece of pop art, this silkscreen painting features fifty images of Marilyn Monroe. Half brightly colored, half in black and white, it reflects the dichotomy of celebrity life and its influence on popular culture.
"Rhein II" by Andreas Gursky, 1999 - This photographic artwork, a digitally-altered image of the Rhine River, is celebrated for its minimalist aesthetic. It strips the landscape to its bare essentials, invoking a sense of tranquility and vastness.
"Black Square" by Kazimir Malevich, 1915 - A revolutionary painting in the realm of abstract art, this piece, featuring nothing more than a black square on a white field, challenges traditional notions of representation, symbolizing a new era in artistic expression.
"Puppy" by Jeff Koons, 1992 - This giant sculpture, a West Highland Terrier blanketed in flowering plants, explores themes of innocence, consumer culture, and the interplay between high art and kitsch. It’s a delightful blend of traditional sculpture and garden craft.
"Re-projection: Hoerengracht" by Ed and Nancy Kienholz, 1983-1988 - A room-sized tableau representing Amsterdam’s red-light district, this work combines elements of sculpture, painting, lighting, and found objects. It engages viewers in a stark commentary on commodification and objectification.
"Untitled" (Your body is a battleground) by Barbara Kruger, 1989 - This photomontage, combining black-and-white photography with impactful text, explores issues of feminism, identity, and power. Its potent, confrontational message is a prime example of the power of text in contemporary visual art.
"For the Love of God" by Damien Hirst, 2007 - This sculpture, a platinum cast of a human skull encrusted with 8,601 diamonds, probes themes of mortality, value, and the human fascination with luxury and decadence. It’s a compelling blend of macabre and magnificence.
"Physical impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living" by Damien Hirst, 1991 - This artwork, featuring a tiger shark preserved in formaldehyde, blurs the line between traditional sculpture and biological specimen. It prompts viewers to contemplate mortality and nature’s ferocity.
"One and Three Chairs" by Joseph Kosuth, 1965 - A piece of conceptual art, it presents a physical chair, a photograph of a chair, and a dictionary definition of a chair, thus exploring the relationship between language, picture, and referent in art.
These pieces, in their diversity, exemplify the rich tapestry of contemporary art, each piece a unique commentary on our world and a testament to the limitless potential of creative expression.